Session
Reading & Assignments Due | Critical Questions
1. Thursday, 8/26
2. Tuesday 8/31
3. Thursday, 9/2
Waiting for Frances!
4. Tuesday, 9/7
Reading: Rutter, M. (2002).
Nature, nurture, and development: From evangelism through science towards policy and practice.
Child Development, 73, 1-21.
Collins, W. A., Maccoby, E. E., Steinberg, L., Hetherington, E. M., & Bornstein, M. H. (2000). Contemporary research on parenting: The case for nature and nurture. American Psychologist, 55(2), 218-232. A good case for not over interpreting behavior genetics.Extra: Eliot, Chap. 1.
Lamb et al., pp. 31-37 & 94-104.
Environmental and genetic interaction? nWhat are the advantages (name some forms of genetic transmission) and disadvantages of thinking of genes as blueprints?How do environmental and genetic influences interact during prenatal development (provide examples)?What is the difference between transactional and a behavioral genetics approach to gene * environment interactions?
Http://www.erin.utoronto.ca/~w3bio380/ an embryology course. See also
http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/project/info.html
5. Thursday, 9/9
Reading: Lamb et al. chapters 1 & 2 (pp. 1-56). Extra Activity: Bring baby picture
Physical growth: What are some basic patterns of synaptic and brain development in infancy? How they are influenced by experience? What can go wrong in this pattern? What is the basic patterns of physical growth in infancy?What are the differences between individual and group growth curves?
6. Tuesday, 9/14
Reading: Lamb et al, chapter 3, (pp. 57-93).
Due: A one paragraph summary and 5 minute verbal summary of your thinking about your intended final project.
Development:
What's infant development and how is it studied? Define development, and compare cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of development. Give examples to back up your point. Indicate how these types of research methods might address your preliminary final topic question.
7. Thursday, 9/16
DM not present.
Special Guests: Heather Henderson, Ph.D. and William Neonate:
What capabilities do newborns have? Discuss neonatal imitation, sensory abilities, reflexes, and smiling (is it a reflex?). Discuss the Brazelton exam and what it reveals about the individuality of neonates (give examples from film). How do infant and mother influence each during feeding? How is this and how is it not interaction? How do your observations of feeding relate to this topic? What issues are relevant to breast-feeding vs. bottle-feeding?
8. Tuesday, 9/21
Reading: Hollomon, H. A., Dobbins, D. R., & Scott, K. G. (1998). The effects of biological and social risk factors on special education placement: Birth weight and maternal education as an example. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 19(3), 281-294.Hack, M., Flannery, D. J., Schluchter, M., Cartar, L., Borawski, E., & Klein, N. (2002). Outcomes in Young Adulthood for Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants. New England Journal of Medicine, 346(3), 149-157.Prematurity: nWhat factors predict the survival of premature infants and what factors affect disability in the survivors? How are mortality and morbidity rates changing? How does socioeconomic status interact with prematurity to influence developmental outcome? What interactive variables influence outcome? What interventions might improve the outcomes of premature infants?
Extra Reading:
Landry, S. H., Smith, K. E., Miller-Loncar, C. L., & Swank, P. R. (1997) . Predicting cognitive-language and social growth curves from early maternal behaviors in children at varying degrees of biological risk.
Developmental Psychology, 33(6), 1040-1053. &
Landry et al. (2000) Bendersky, M., & Lewis, M. (1994). Environmental risk, biological risk, and developmental outcome.
Developmental Psychology, 30(4), 484-494.
Ment, L. R., Vohr, B., Katz, K. H., Schneider, K. C., Westerveld, M., Duncan, C. C., & Makuch, R. W. (2003). Change in Cognitive Function Over Time in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants. JAMA, 289, 705-711.
9. Thursday, 9/23
Reading:
Frank, D. A., Augustyn, M., Knight, W. G., Pell, T., & Zuckerman, B. (2001). Growth, development, and behavior in early childhood following prenatal cocaine exposure: A systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285(12), 1613-1625. and
Zuckerman et al. and Messinger (available Tuesday).Optional:
Singer et al. (Zuckerman is an editorial about Singer et al.)
Exposure: How are children prenatally exposed to cocaine similar to and different from comparable child who were not exposed? Give examples of the degree (large or small) and consistency (are the effects usually seen or only sometimes seen) of cocaine exposure effects in different specific areas of functioning - e.g., mental development, motor development, & socio-emotional development. How does the impact of prenatal cocaine exposure compare to the impact of prenatal exposure to other drugs such as alcohol?
10. Tuesday, 9/28
Reading: McCarton, C. M., Brooks-Gunn, J., Wallace, I., Bauer, C., Bennett, F., Bernbaum, J., Broyles, R., Casey, P., McCormick, M., Scott, D., Tyson, J., Tonascia, J., & Meinert, C. (1997). Results at age 8 years of early intervention for low-birth-weight premature infants. The Infant Health and Development Program. JAMA, 277(2), 126-132.Claussen, A. H., Scott, K. G., Mundy, P. C., & Lynne F. Katz. (2004). Effects of three levels of early intervention services on children prenatally exposed to cocaine. Journal of Early Intervention, 26(3), 204-220.Intervention
11. Thursday 9/30
Fox, N. A., & Henderson, H. A. (1999). Does infancy matter? Predicting social behavior from infant temperament.
Infant Behavior & Development, 22(4), 445-455. [Behavioral styles that appear early in life as a direct result of neurobiological factors, play a significant role in the development and expression of social behavior]
Caspi, A. (2000). The Child Is Father of the Man: Personality Continuities From Childhood to Adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(1), 58-72.What is temperament and what are the biological bases of emotion?Extra Reading:
Kagan, J. (1997). Temperament and the reactions to unfamiliarity. Child Development, 68(1), 139-143. [Review of classic study.]
Fox, N. A., Henderson, H. A., Rubin, K. H., Calkins, S. D., & Schmidt, L. A. (2001)
Continuity and discontinuity of behavioral inhibition and exuberance: Psychophysiological and behavioral influences across the first four years of life.
Child Development, 72(1), 1-21.
Development 351-370.CBQ, Labtab, Kagan & Henderson videos
12. Tuesday, 10/5
Reading:
Izard, C. E., & Ackerman, B. P. (2000). Motivational, organizational, and regulatory functions of discrete emotions. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (2nd ed., pp. 253-264). New York: Guilford Press. [Heuristic theory.]
Extra:
Camras, 2000 in Lewis, Marc D. (Ed); Granic, Isabela (Ed) (2000). Emotion, development, and self-organization: Dynamic systems approaches to emotional development. (pp. 100-124). New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press. (2000), xiii, 411 pp.Discrete infant emotions. What are discrete emotions (what are their three components)? What evidence suggests that infants have discrete emotions and what evidence suggests that infant emotions are not discrete and may be more dynamic and functional? Extra Reading:Eliot 290-303 (neural basis of emotion) 316-321 (temperament).Facial expression site:
http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~face/index2.htmDevelopment 328-344.
13. Thursday, 10/7
11. Tuesday, 10/12
Reading:
Tronick, E. Z. (1989). Emotions and emotional communication in infants. American Psychologist, 44(2), 112-119. & Schore, Ch. 6, Visual experiences and socioemotional development.
Moore, G. A., Cohn, J. F., & Campbell, S. B. (2001). Infant affective responses to mother's still face at 6 months differentially predict externalizing and internalizing behaviors at 18 months. Developmental Psychology, 37(5), 706-714. Feldman, R., Greenbaum, C. W., & Yirmiya, N. (1999). Mother-infant affect synchrony as an antecedent of the emergence of self-control. Developmental Psychology, 35(1), 223-231. Face-to-face interaction and still-face: What does it mean that interaction is bi-directional (how do baby and parent influence each other)? How does infant behavior in face-to-face interaction change during the first six months of life? Does the still-face procedure show evidence that infants are intentional (what does the developmental evidence show? evidence from modified still-faces)?
Extra:
Kaye, K., & Fogel, A. (1980). The temporal structure of face-to-face communication between mothers and infants. Developmental Psychology, 16(5), 454-464.
Weinberg, K. M., & Tronick, E. Z. (1996). Infant affective reactions to the resumption of maternal interaction after the Still-Face. Child Development, 67(3), 905-914.
Weinberg, M. K., Tronick, E. Z., Cohn, J. F., & Olson, K. L. (1999). Gender differences in emotional expressivity and self-regulation during early infancy. Developmental Psychology, 35(1), 175-188. 14. Thursday, 10/14
14. Tuesday, 10/19
Reading:
Attachment site: http://johnbowlby.comFollow links for how to code the Strange Situation.
Overview of attachment classifications (on p. 11) and coding.Development 385-393
Ainsworth, M. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). An interpretation of individual differences. Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation (pp. 310-326). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Describing secure and insecure attachment: How is security of attachment assessed in the Strange Situation? Describe secure attachment and avoidant, anxious, and disorganized attachment? Use descriptions of strange situations observed in class to inform your paper.
15. Thursday, 10/21
Reading:
De Wolff, M., & van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (1997). Sensitivity and attachment: A meta-analysis on parental antecedents of infant attachment. Child Development, 68(4), 571-591. Anisfeld, E., Casper, V., Nozyce, M., & Cunningham, N. (1990). Does infant carrying promote attachment? An experimental study of the effects of increased physical contact on the development of attachment. Child Development, 61(5), 1617-1627.van IJzendoorn, M. (1995). Adult attachment representations, parental responsiveness, and infant attachment: A meta-analysis on the predictive validity of the Adult Attachment Interview. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 387-403. Predicting attachment security: What is the experimental and meta-analytic evidence that caregiver sensitivity factors predicts secure attachment? What role might infant temperament have in predicting security of attachment?
NICHD_Early_Child_Care_Research_Network. (2001b). Child-care and family predictors of preschool attachment and stability from infancy. Developmental Psychology, 37(6), 847-862.Extra: NICHD_Early_Child_Care_Research_Network. (2001a). Child care and children's peer interaction at 24 and 36 months: The NICHD study of early child care. Child Development, 72(5), 1478-1500.
Van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Kroonenberg, P. M. (1988). Cross-cultural patterns of attachment: A meta-analysis of the strange situation.
Child Development, 59(1), 147-156.
16. Tuesday, 10/26
Reading:
van IJzendoorn, M. H., Schuengel, C., & Bakermans Kranenburg, M. J. (1999). Disorganized attachment in early childhood: Meta-analysis of precursors, concomitants, and sequelae. Development and Psychopathology, 11(2), 225-249.Kochanska, G. (2001b). Emotional development in children with different attachment histories: The first three years. Child Development, 72(2), 474-490.Waters, E., Hamilton, C. E., & Weinfield, N. S. (2000a). The stability of attachment security from infancy to adolescence and early adulthood: General introduction. Child Development, 71(3), 678-683.
Waters, E., Merrick, S., Treboux, D., Crowell, J., & Albersheim, L. (2000b). Attachment security in infancy and early adulthood: A twenty-year longitudinal study. Child Development, 71(3), 684-689.
Waters, E., Weinfield, N. S., & Hamilton, C. E. (2000c). The stability of attachment security from infancy to adolescence and early adulthood: General discussion. Child Development, 71(3), 703-706. |
What does secure attachment predict? What evidence is there for the stability (or instability) of infant attachment security within infancy and on to adulthood? What does insecure and disorganized attachment predict in childhood? Describe and explain correspondences between parental and infant security of attachment.
17. Thursday, 10/28
Lickliter, R., & Bahrick, L. E. (2000). The development of infant intersensory perception: Advantages of a comparative convergent-operations approach. Psychological Bulletin, 126(2), 260-280.Bahrick, L. E., Lickliter, R., & Flom, R. (2004). Intersensory Redundancy Guides the Development of Selective Attention, Perception, and Cognition in Infancy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13(3), 99-102.Perception.
Extra reading (repeat):
Walker Andrews, A. S. (1997). Infants' perception of expressive behaviors: Differentiation of multimodal information. Psychological Bulletin, 121(3), 437-456.
18. Tuesday, 11/2
Reading:
Sigman, M., Cohen, S. E., & Beckwith, L. (1997). Why does infant attention predict adolescent intelligence? Infant Behavior & Development, 20(2), 133-140.Rovee-Collier, C. (1996). Shifting the focus from what to why. Infant Behavior and Development, 19(4), 385-401. [Infant in ecological niche at various developmental stages.]
Predicting and measuring intelligence. Describe different "developmental job descriptions" of early infancy. Describe different mechanisms of learning and beyondIndicate two infant predictors of adolescent's intelligence. What is the fundamental issue in what infants know?
19. Thursday, 11/4
Reading:
Development 205-223
Piaget, J. (1968). The mental development of the child: The neonate and the infant (A. Tenzer, Trans.), Six psychological studies (pp. 3-17). USA: Random House. Optional: Piaget, J. (1963). Chapter VI. The sixth stage: The invention of new means through mental combinations (M. Cook, Trans.),&
The origins of intelligence in children (pp. 331-337). New York: Norton.
Baillargeon, R. (2004). Infants' physical world. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13(3), 89-94.Extra: Ahmed, A., & Ruffman, T. (1998). Why do infants make A not B errors in a search task, yet show memory for the location of hidden objects in a nonsearch task? Developmental Psychology, 34(3), 441-453.
Piaget and object constancy: How does Piaget understand infant cognitive development and what does he think about the development of object constancy and the A-not-B error? What do Baillargeon's experiments say about object constancy? What might account for differences increased attention to violations of expectations regarding invisible objects but their deficits in reaching for those objects?
20 . Tuesday, 11/9
21. Thursday, 11/11
Reading: Venezia, M., Messinger, D. S., Thorp, D., & Mundy, P. (2004). Timing Changes: The Development of Anticipatory Smiling. Infancy, 6(3). Sorce, J. F., Emde, R. N., Campos, J. J., & Klinnert, M. D. (1985). Maternal emotional signaling: Its effect on the visual cliff behavior of 1-year-olds. Developmental Psychology, 21(1), 195-200.Gesture (give and take): What is the gestural advantage? What are social approach & instrumental functions of infant gestures? What is the evidence that these gestures have different functions? (Do they change with age differently? Do they involve different expressive behaviors?)
22. Tuesday, 11/16
Andrew Lock. Preverbal communication. Chapter 14 of Bremner & Fogel.
First draft of final paper (not mandatory but strongly recommended)
Gesture, Language, Autism, and Theory of Mind: What are infant initiated joint attention (IJA) and receptive joint attention (RJA)? How are they measured and what do they predict? How might early deficits in IJA associated with autism lead to more long-term deficits?
23. Thursday, 11/18
Werker, J. F. (1989). Becoming a native listener. American Scientist, 77.Cheour, M., Ceponiene, R., Lehtokoski, A., Luuk, A., Allik, J., Alho, K., & N��t�nen, R. (1998). Development of language-specific phoneme representations in the infant brain. Nature Neuroscience, 1, 351 - 353.Extra: Development 279-285 & 296-327
Language overview: What is the normative course of infant language development? How do infant cries develop (directed and undirected)? What are the stages of development of non-cry vocalizations? What are some early milestones of verbal development (verbal development involves words)?
24. Tuesday, 11/23
26. Thursday, 11/25
NO CLASS THANKSGIVING
27. Tuesday, 11/30
28. Thursday, 12/2
Final Project paper due
Last day of class. Catch-up, overview, review of final projects, and presentations.
Final Project Paper Due